Task 9-Non-continuity

Non-continuity

Non-continuity editing is continuity broken and construction is more apparent, meaning often created through juxtaposition and metaphor shot insert. Non-continuity editing is a style of film making that was made popular throughout the 1950s and 1960s, filmmaker such as Jean Luc Godard and Francois Truffaut pushed the limits of editing techniques and created a new style called " French new wave". French new wave film used a carefree editing style and did not conform to the traditional editing etiquette of Hollywood film. French new wave editing often drew attention to it self by its lack of continuity, its self-reflexive nature. 

Jump Cut

 A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera position that vary only slightly, this type of edit gives the effect of jumping forward in time, it is a control of temporal space using the duration of a single shot, and collapsing the duration  move the audience ahead. This kind of cut suddenly communicates the passing of time as opposed to the more seamless dissolve heavily used in films predating Jean-Luc Godard's "Breathless" when jump cut were first used greatly. Jump cut is considered to be a infraction of classical continuity editing, which is intended to give the appearance of continuous time and space, on the contrary jump cuts aims to draw attention. 

180 degree rule

The 180 degree rule is a basic regarding the on screen spatial relationship between a character and another character or object within a scene. An imaginary line called axis which connects the character and by keeping the camera on one side of this axis for every shot in the scene,the first character is always frame right of the second character, who is then always frame left of the first. The camera passing over the axis is called crossing the line and that will make the characters appear to swap position on the screen, however the 180 degree rule may be broken for effect, for example if the aim is to create a startling effect which modern filmmaker use or to convey something is going wrong.

Task 8 - Continuity excerise

Overall, although there are some points to improve on, I think our film was quite successful with the task of continuity and maintaining that we have successfully shown all editing techniques.

Task 7: Understanding Continuity Editing

Continuity Editing

Continuity editing is the main element of film and video editing. the purpose of continuity editing is to ensure temporal and spatial continutiy as a way of advancing narrative, using such techniques as the 180-degrree ruke, Match on Action, and shot, reverse, shot. it was developed by ealy European and American directors, specifically, D.Q. Griffith in his films such as The Birth of a nation.continuity editing is important as it helps to retain a sebse of realistic chronology and generates feelinh that time is moving forward. it doesnt mean you cant use flashbacksor flash forwards, as long as the narrative will still be seen to be progressing forward in expected or realistic way.

The rules.
Shot, reverse shot
180 Degree rule
Match on Action
Eye-line match

shot, reverse shot.

Shot, Reverse Shot is likewise a valuable style of continuity editing. This kind of shot is generally used as a part of scenes where a discussion happens. It's the point at which the camera changes in the middle of faces and we see a shot of one character looking at another character, then we are shown the other character looking back. A filmmaker might want to use this as it makes the audience feel like we are the ones conversing with the characters, making a feeling of compassion. Changing the shot makes an attention on the specific characters instead of being demonstrated the entire scene. It keeps the audience engaged in with what is happening to. If filmmakers didn’t use Shot, Reverse Shot then the audience may begin to wind up exhausted as it would be one consistent shot all through. Additionally, if it isn’t used then the audience may not hear critical information and this may lead to confusion further on in the film.

180 degree rule

This is the positioning of the camera in scenes where we see different characters, usually communicating with each other. During this communication the camera operator must make sure that the camera stays on one side of the imaginary axis ensuring that the characters on the left and right stay on the left and right sand don't switch places. Filmmakers may use the 180 Degree Rule to enable the audience to visually connect with the movement happening around the characters. If a filmmaker didn't us it then the scene would create disorientation and confusion within the audience as the perspective is altered. The only time it is suitable to break the rule is if the director purposely wants it broken to enforce confusion and disorient in the audience to foreshadow danger or change.

Match on action

Match on action is a technique of filming used in many sorts of film. This is when you start an action in one shot and complete it in the following. A filmmaker may use this as it makes a continiuos shot and you can film the same shot twice and then put them together. By doing two shots you can change the position of the camera without adjusting the continuity of the shot, a case would be the point at which someone walks though a door, the camera can be put outside the room recording the character going in, then in the following shot you can move the camera into the rom and watch the character going into the room. at the point when using Match on Action, the camera operator and the character must ensure that everything is similarly situated in both shots. in the event that a movie producer didnt jump shot, and thusly it wont be consistent. the audience are likely to get cobfused if they dont see the full extent of the action.

Eye-line match

The last technique pf conitnuity editing is eye line match. This is the point at which you see the character looking at something off screen, leaving the audience to wander what they are looking at, then in the next shot the camera cuts to the person or object the past character was looking at. Filmmakers may want to use this as it creates a sense of mystery within the audience as we are left wandering what the character was looking at. They may also want to use it to create an element of shock and tension, if the audience can't see what the character is looking at then they begin to question the circumstance and begin to detail their own understandings. If a filmmaker didn't use Eye Line Match then the scene wouldn't make as much strain as we'd have the capacity to see the entire scene generally as the characters can.

Task 6- Creating Montage

Creating Montage

Hollywood Montage
The aim of montage was to show the main and possible things that can happen in a school day and condense it into a short clip. Within the shots you can see what happened at different parts and times of the day during the school period. The video is good because we showed everything that we was aiming to in the a Hollywood montage. Hollywood montage allowed us to create the video very quick because we were able to compress it.

I think that our video is somewhat a good example of Montage as it does things that a Hollywood Montage should do, however if I we could have re-filmed I would have to improve our plot and filming.

AS1: Task 5 Part 2: Montage

Understanding Montage Theory 

what is a montage?
A Montage is the technique of selecting, editing and piecing together separate sections of a film or short clip and putting them together to create a continuous whole. There are three main forms of Montage; The French Montage, Hollywood Style Montage and a Soviet Montage..

French Cinema

A French Montage literally means to 'assemble' a film or clip. Therefore, in French Film the term simply identifies the process of editing. A Hollywood Montage is when the film maker picks out the most important/main clips of something and then condense them into a short sequence that shows all these clips. Doing this creates different aspects and condenses a long narrative sequence into a shorter one. Finally, a Soviet Montage is when the film maker juxtaposes different shots that didn't exist in either shot alone to create a new, deeper meaning. Usually the two different shots contrast with each other but bring the film together to reveal the hidden meaning.

Hollywood Cinema

A Hollywood Montage is when you make a short film which shows all the most important parts of a certain thing, such as a day. A famous example is the training scene from Rocky. In this clip we see Rocky training but instead of filming the whole thing we are only shown the most important parts of the day. As the audience we can see it is a whole day as the clip starts of with Rocky running in the morning, and then by the end of the clip we can see from the background light that it is the evening/end of the day.

Early Soviet film making

Soviet uses a method of film editing involving the juxtaposition or partial superimposition of several shots to form a single image.

Early soviet cinema theory of montage was had an altogether different importance. The movie producers began putting purposely differentiating pictures by one another. The montage was that the two pictures demonstrated a picture of a keeps an eye on outward appearances by another picture and this was rehashed three times. The pictures creates an emotion when its next one another.

AS1: Task 4: From Analogue to digital editing

From Analogue To Digital Editing

Before it all changed to digital editing, analogue editing was around. Analogue editing was all done by hand, nothing was done by using a software because computers wasn't invented yet. You had a copy of the positive film where all the footage went onto when it was filmed. they then took the film and cut it in different parts using a splicer and pasted it onto different pieces of film to create the cutaways. The films then had to be fed through a projector at a constant speed of 24 frames a second which makes the picture appear to be moving. Moviola was the first editing machine designed to edit movies, it allowed the film editor to view film while editing. Moviola was invented by Iwan Serrurier in 1924. 

Video editing
Before digital technologies became available magnetic tapes were used to store information, these are known as video tapes. Video editing is the process of editing segments of these tapes using a device that mechanically puts places of video tape together. the film has to be edited in the correct order. this is called linear editing.
Digital editing
Digital media is a form electronic media where data are stored in digital (as opposed to analogue) form. Digital editing is the use of computers to order and manipulate this digital data. there are many different editing programs such as: Adobe premiere, avid, final cut pro.
Digital film making uses bits and bytes strings to record, transmit and reply images, instead of chemicals of film. The whole process is electronic so there is no printing or "splicing" involved.  Digital editing soon overtook video editing as its much quicker and cheaper. the biggest pro is that you can edit digitally in any order.

Non-Linear Editing
Editing in any order is called non-linear editing. you can edit a sequence from the end of the film before you have started editing the first scene, the process uses electronic files so it makes it as easy as cutting and pasting text in a word document.

 Pros
The pros of Analogue editing are that it is quicker and more precise as the people responsible for filming and writing it would tend to take their time as they'd only get one shot, another pro is that it is safer as the film isn't stored on a computer which means that the likelihood of it being damaged was low. On the other hand there were some cons to Analogue editing. This includes the fact that if you did make a mistake, you would not be able to go back and edit it, and therefore the film you've created will not be at the highest standard. Also, because there were no CD's or VHS' to carry the film around in, it meant that it was a lot to carry and could possibly be expensive and heavy. Also, communication with the person behind the camera was scarce as you couldn't edit out someone saying action for example.

Cons
Cons of Analogue editing is that some people may find that it is too complex for them to understand and may therefore struggle when it comes to editing their film. Additionally, because you have the ability to edit it as many times as needed, not as much effort may be put into it and it may not then be to the best of their ability. Finally, because Digital Editing relies mostly on technology, you can't always be sure that the technology you are using won't break. There is always a chance that what you edit and film may be lost if something happens to the technology. 

AS1 Task 2/3: In camera editing- Developments in Editing

what is in camera editing

In camera editing is a technique of video production, in which the camera operator shoots the shoots in the exact order that they will be viewed in.

In camera editing was a technique used to a great deal in the early days of film making before "splicing" (the art of cutting/reconnecting film strip) became easier.

The film is edited by simply switching the camera on and off.

One of the most famous in-camera editors was George Melies, he accidentally discovered when his camera broke down for a                                                                 brief second.

Task
Our task was to produce a one minute long sequence that we will be editing "in camera"
the sequence had to be in a school and have two characters, we had the option to include a dialogue in the sequence or it could be silent.

we worked in groups
-Directors - Jasmine King
-camera- Allegria Luyindula
-Actress - Diana Adriano & Aaliyah

what did we do?

Our scenario was student late for her detention ( Diana) and Aaliyah was the teacher.

Behind the scene

Task one: Editing in early cinema

Task one: Editing in early cinema

Over the first 50 years of film the idea of editing has ended up being essentially more advanced. From the most punctual movies to today's most recent movies. The very first edits were things such as filming moving people and splicing parts of a film and sticking them together. Since then the art of editing has advanced and we now have easier ways of doing it.

Thomas Edison

One of the very first filmmakers was Thomas Edison, who additionally invented the light bulb. Edison was the inventor of the Kinetographic Camera and the 35mm film strip. He was a very important figure as his creation of the Kinetoscope turned into industry standard. This meant that other filmmakers could use his invention to create their own films. Eventually, Edison made the projector, which then meant that the films he created could be shown to the wider audience and be enjoyed by everyone.

Lumiere Brothers

The Lumiere Brothers also played a big part in the development of editing. they worked closely with Thomas edition and were the first people to create films of different lengths and create a moving image of real life people. motion in the shot was all that was necessary to amuse the audience as they had never seen anything like that before. the films they created were among the first film to show activity. In 1895 the film " sortie d'usine" by Lumiere Brothers was launched, the movement in the shot was all that was required to entertain an audience, the first film purely displayed activity such as traffic moving on a city street.

G.A. Smith

Originally there was no story or real editing in many early films, however G.A Smith was the first filmmaker that enabled editing of movies his film " A kiss in the Tunnel" in 1899 marked the beginning of narrative editing story line, they believed that some extra some extra creativity was needed, as they went into the tunnel to splice he took advantage of the brief onset darkness, he stuck the pieces of film together and then cut them during the shot of the couple. G.A Smith took advantage of the brief period of darkness as the train went in the tunnel and edited the film to change from thew front of the train to one of the inside carriages. this was the point when editing first started to advance.

G.Melies

George Melies was a magician before coming an producer. George had seen the film made by the Lumiere brothers and he saw the potential of creativity which involved more than just motion its self. George brought a camera and built a studio ,which he wrote scripts and designed sets, shortly he uncover and used to good advantage of the basic camera tricks that we know so well today. Melies unfortunately got forced off the business because he never got the idea to move the camera for close ups or long shots this cause his work to become overlooked and because of this he wasn't earning any money and he eventually died from poverty. The film "Hugo" portrays his life elements.

Edwin S porter

Edwin S Porter also played an important part in the editing of early cinema. Before joining the film laboratory of Thomas Alva Edison in the 1890s, Edwin worked as an electrician. Edwin and Edison worked together to make longer, more interesting films. Their first film was 'The Life of an American Fireman' (1903), which was the breakthrough film for Edwin S Porter. 'The Life of an American Fireman' was one of the first films that had a plot, action and even a close up, by creating this film he discovered the important aspects of motion picture language and the creation of contextual relationships by splicing. One of his most famous films was 'The Great Train Robbery' in 1903 which lasted a length of 10 minutes, making it the longest movie of his time.

Charles Pathe

Charles Pathé introduced the first example of parallel editing in his film 'The Horse that Bolted' in 1907. He made a film that cut between two different story lines so that the audience could see what the man was doing as well as the horse. The use of this parallel editing allows the audience to know that there are two different things happening at the same time as we see the man on the horse at the beginning and then we see him leave the horse outside. The shot then changes from the man to the horse outside, allowing us to see both shots alternatively. This was the first time the audience had seen a film like this and it proved to be successful. 

D.W. Griffith

Finally, D.W Griffith was the last important figure in the editing of early cinema before films were created as the ones we know today. D.W Griffith was an early supporter of the power of editing and made use of cross-cutting to show parallel locations. He was one of the first early directors to use editing techniques in feature length films, which were generally movies that lasted longer than 90 minutes. He created the movie 'The Birth of a Nation' in 1915 which lasted around 3 hours, making it one of the longest and most controversial films of early cinema and to this day it is still controversial.

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All About Me

Hey my name is Allegria, I go by Allia. I am a very enthusiastic person, I enjoy communicating with friends and family as well as movies and music.

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